Adaptation du Questionnaire de santé du patient-15 (PHQ-15) sur la population générale en Roumanie
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) (Kroenke et al., 2002) is one of the most widely used measures to asseess somatic symptoms severity, as well as to screen for somatization. The objective of the present study was to develop a Romanian version of this instrument and to investigate its psychometric properties in the general population. Data were collected from 800 Romanian adults, aged 18-71 years old (M=28.67, SD=10.27). Results indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.852, McDonald’s ω=0.857), good test-retest reliability over 2-weeks period (rs=0.76, p<0.001) and predictive validity (somatic symptoms explain 47% of the depression variance). Exploratory and confirmatory analysis supported a one-factor model, with 15 items. The results indicate that the Romanian version of the PHQ-15 is a measure that can be used to investigate somatic symptoms and somatization among adults.
Article Details
References
ABDEL-KHALEK, A.M., Can somatic symptoms predict depression? Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32, 7, 2004, p. 657–666.
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION, 2000/ ASOCIAȚIA PISHIATRILOR LIBERI DIN ROMÂNIA, Manual de Diagnostic și Statistică a tulburărilor mentale, ediția a IV-a revizuită, DSM IV-TR, București: Editura Pegasus, 2003.
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION, 2013/ DSM-5: Manual de diagnostic și clasificare statistică a tulburărilor mintale, București: Editura Medicală Callisto, 2016.
CANO-GARCÍA, F.J., MUÑOZ-NAVARRO, R., SESÉ ABAD, A., MORETTI, L.S., MEDRANO, L.A., RUIZ-RODRÍGUEZ, P., GONZÁLEZ-BLANCH, C., MORIANA, J.A., CANO-VINDEL, A., Latent structure and factor invariance of somatic symptoms in the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-15), Journal of Affective Disorders, 261, 2020, p. 21–29.
FABRIGAR, L.R., MACCALLUM, R.C., WEGENER, D.T., STRAHAN, E.J., Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research, Psychological Methods, 4, 3, 1999, p. 272–299.
FU, X., ZHANG, F., LIU, F., YAN, C., GUO, W., Editorial: Brain and Somatization Symptoms in Psychiatric Disorders, Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 2019, e146.
GUZMÁN-GONZÁLEZ, M., RIVERA-OTTENBERGER, D., BRASSARD, A., SPENCER, R., LAFONTAINE, M.F., Measuring adult romantic attachment: psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the experiences in close relationships, Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 33, 1, e9, 2020.
HANCOCK, G. R., MUELLER, R. O. (EDS.), Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course (2nd ed.), Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, 2013.
HOLM, M., ALVARIZA, A., FÜRST, C.J., ÖHLEN, J., ÅRESTEDT, K., Psychometric evaluation of the anticipatory grief scale in a sample of family caregivers in the context of palliative care, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17, 1, 2019, e42.
HOOPER, D., COUGHLAN, J., MULLEN, M., Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit, Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 1, 2008, p. 53–60.
HU, L., BENTLER, P.M., Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1, 1999, p. 1–55.
JASP TEAM, JASP (Versiunea 0.14.1) [Computer software], disponibil la: https://jasp-stats.org/ download/, 2020.
JIN, S., MOUSTAKI, I., YANG-WALLENTIN, F., Approximated Penalized Maximum Likelihood for Exploratory Factor Analysis: An Orthogonal Case, Psychometrika, 83, 2018, p. 628–649.
KIM, H.-Y., Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis, Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 2013, p. 52–54.
KOCALEVENT, R.-D., HINZ, A., BRÄHLER, E., Standardization of a screening instrument (PHQ-15) for somatization syndromes in the general population, BMC Psychiatry, 13, 2013, e91.
KOĞAR, H., YILMAZ KOĞAR, E., Comparison of Different Estimation Methods for Categorical and Ordinal Data in Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 6, 2, 2015, p. 351–364.
KROENKE, K., SPITZER, R.L., WILLIAMS, J.B., LINZER, M., HAHN, S.R., DEGRUY, F.V. 3RD, BRODY, D., Physical symptoms in primary care. Predictors of psychiatric disorders and functional impairment, Archives of Family Medicine, 3, 9, 1994, p. 7740–779.
KROENKE, K., SPITZER, R.L., WILLIAMS, J.B., The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 9, 2001, p. 606–613.
KROENKE, K., SPITZER, R.L., WILLIAMS, J.B.W., The PHQ-15: Validity of a New Measure for Evaluating the Severity of Somatic Symptoms, Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 2, 2002, p. 258–266.
LEE, S., MA, Y.L., TSANG, A., Psychometric properties of the Chinese 15-item patient health questionnaire in the general population of Hong Kong, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71, 2, 2011, p. 69–73.
LEONHART, R., DE VROEGE, L., ZHANG, L., LIU, Y., DONG, Z., SCHAEFERT, R., NOLTE, S., FISCHER, F., FRITZSCHE, K., VAN DER FELTZ-CORNELIS, C.M., Comparison of the Factor Structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire for Somatic Symptoms (PHQ-15) in Germany, the Netherlands, and China. A Transcultural Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Study, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 2018, e240.
LIAO, S.C., HUANG, W.L., MA, H.M., LEE, M.T., CHEN, T.T., CHEN, I.M., GAU, S.S., The relation between the patient health questionnaire-15 and DSM somatic diagnoses, BMC Psychiatry, 16, 1, 2016, e351
LÖWE, B., SPITZER, R.L, WILLIAMS, J.B, MUSSELL, M., SCHELLBERG, D., KROENKE, K., Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment, General Hospital Psychiatry, 30, 3, 2008, p. 191–199.
LORCA, A.M., LORCA, M.M., ÁLVAREZ, J.J.C., GARCÍA, J.A., ARMESILLA, M.D.C., Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Validation in Spanish University Students During COVID-19 Outbreak, International Journal of Psychology and Psychoanalysis, 7, 1, 2021, e049.
MÎNDRILĂ, D., Maximum Likelihood (ML) and diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) estimation procedures: A comparison of estimation bias with ordinal and multivariate non-normal data, International Journal of Digital Society, 1, 1, 2010, p. 60–66.
NAKAO, M, YANO, E, Somatic symptoms for predicting depression: one-year follow-up study in annual health examinations, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 2, 2006, p. 219–225.
PFIZER (n.d.), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), disponibil la: https://www.phqscreeners.com/ images/sites/g/files/g10060481/f/201412/PHQ9_Romanian%20for%20Romania.pdf (ultima accesare 19 Noiembrie, 2021).
PFIZER (n.d.), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), disponibil la: https://www.phqscreeners.com/ images/sites/g/files/g10060481/f/201412/English_0%20(1).pdf (ultima accesare 19 Noiembrie, 2021).
SAVA, F.A., Analiza datelor în cercetarea psihologică, Cluj-Napoca: Editura ASCR, 2011.
SPITZER, R.L., KROENKE, K., WILLIAMS, J.B., Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire, JAMA, 282, 18, 1999, p. 1737–1744.
WILLIAMS, B., ONSMAN, A., BROWN, T., Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices, Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care (JEPHC), 8, 3, 2010, e9990399.
WITTHÖFT, M., HILLER, W., LOCH, N., JASPER, F., The latent structure of medically unexplained symptoms and its relation to functional somatic syndromes, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 2, 2013, p. 172–183.
WITTHÖFT, M., FISCHER, S., JASPER, F., RIST, F., NATER, U.M., Clarifying the latent structure and correlates of somatic symptom distress: A bifactor model approach, Psychological Assessment, 28, 1, 2016, p. 109–115.