CRIMINOGENIC COGNITIONS AND THE RISK OF CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM. LITERATURE REVIEW
Cuvinte cheie:
gândire criminală, infracţionalitate, recidivă, risc.Rezumat
Pornind de la ipoteza că includerea unei măsuri de cunoaştere a gândirii criminale poate spori prezicerea recidivei infracţionale, au fost identificate diverse stiluri cognitive criminogene, care pot explica implicarea individului în comportamentul criminal. Acestea fac trimitere la anumite erori cognitive, la incapacitatea de a conştientiza efectele faptei, la un proces decizional bazat mai degrabă pe emoţie şi nu pe raţiune, la o imagine de sine nerealistă, precum şi la o slabă capacitate de diferenţiere între nevoi şi dorinţe.
Prima conceptualizare proeminentă a gândirii criminale are la bază principiul potrivit căruia individul nu îşi asumă responsabilitatea faptei şi nici nu este conştient de natura eronată a gândirii sale. Alte studii consideră gândirea criminală ca fiind orientată spre obţinerea unei satisfacţii imediate, fapt ce presupune un tipar cognitiv iraţional şi neorganizat. Totodată, există şi cercetări care aduc în atenţie implicaţiile psihopatiei asupra gândirii criminale.
Conform literaturii de specialitate, din punct de vedere al corelaţiilor cu variabilele demografice, există studii care au găsit că cogniţia criminogenă poate fi influențată de vârstă, gen, rasă şi statut marital. În cazul persoanelor private de libertate, cogniţia criminogenă poate fi influenţată de durata pedepsei şi, prin urmare, cu cât durata pedepsei este mai mare, cu atât poate creşte nivelul gândirii criminale.
Toate aceste aspecte indică faptul că este absolut necesară cunoaşterea persoanelor care au o predispoziţie spre o gândire criminogenă, astfel încât în timpul custodierii în sistemul corecţional să se poată realiza demersuri în acest sens.
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